Carotid-Cavernous Fistula - Revision history

Jack.Dewey: /* Classification */

2025-11-22T18:53:52Z

Classification

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:53, 22 November 2025
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	\| D \|\| Indirect \|\| Multiple dural shunts flowing into the cavernous sinus from the ICA and ECA systems (Class B + C)		\| D \|\| Indirect \|\| Multiple dural shunts flowing into the cavernous sinus from the ICA and ECA systems (Class B + C)
	\|}		\|}

			Additional descriptive terms used to classify or categorize carotid-cavernous fistulas are similar to other arteriovenous fistulas, including high flow vs low flow and underlying etiology.

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==

Jack.Dewey: /* Classification */

2025-11-22T18:49:49Z

Classification

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:49, 22 November 2025
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	=== Classification ===		=== Classification ===
	Broadly, carotid-cavernous fistulas can be characterized as either ''direct'' or ''indirect''. ''Direct'' fistulas have a direct communication between the intracavernous ICA itself and the cavernous sinus. ''Indirect'' fistulas describe communications from the carotid system to the cavernous sinus through a third vessel, a branch of the ICA or ECA. The most common classification system for carotid-cavernous fistulas is the Barrow classification system, first described in 1985.		Broadly, carotid-cavernous fistulas can be characterized as either ''direct'' or ''indirect''. ''Direct'' fistulas have a direct communication between the intracavernous ICA itself and the cavernous sinus. ''Indirect'' fistulas describe communications from the carotid system to the cavernous sinus through a third vessel, a branch of the ICA or ECA. The most common classification system for carotid-cavernous fistulas is the Barrow classification system, first described in 1985.<ref>Barrow DL, Spector RH, Braun IF, Landman JA, Tindall SC, Tindall GT. Classification and treatment of spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. Journal of neurosurgery. 1985 Feb 1;62(2):248-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.62.2.0248 </ref>

	{\| class="wikitable", style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align: center"		{\| class="wikitable", style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align: center"

Jack.Dewey: /* Pathophysiology */

2025-11-22T18:47:34Z

Pathophysiology

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:47, 22 November 2025
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	=== Disease Etiology ===		=== Disease Etiology ===

			=== Classification ===
			Broadly, carotid-cavernous fistulas can be characterized as either ''direct'' or ''indirect''. ''Direct'' fistulas have a direct communication between the intracavernous ICA itself and the cavernous sinus. ''Indirect'' fistulas describe communications from the carotid system to the cavernous sinus through a third vessel, a branch of the ICA or ECA. The most common classification system for carotid-cavernous fistulas is the Barrow classification system, first described in 1985.

			{\| class="wikitable", style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align: center"
			\|+ Barrow Classification for Carotid-Cavernous Fistula
			\|-
			! Class !! Communication !! Description
			\|-
			\| A \|\| Direct \|\| Flow from the intracavernous ICA directly into the cavernous sinus
			\|-
			\| B \|\| Indirect \|\| Flow from a branch of the intracavernous ICA into the cavernous sinus via a dural shunt
			\|-
			\| C \|\| Indirect \|\| Flow from a meningeal branch of the ECA into the cavernous sinus via a dural shunt
			\|-
			\| D \|\| Indirect \|\| Multiple dural shunts flowing into the cavernous sinus from the ICA and ECA systems (Class B + C)
			\|}

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==

Jack.Dewey: /* Imaging */

2025-11-22T18:23:34Z

Imaging

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:23, 22 November 2025
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	=== Laboratory Tests ===		=== Laboratory Tests ===
	=== Imaging ===		=== Imaging ===
			CT angiography or MR angiography are typically the first line imaging modality based on patient presentation and ease of availability in the emergency department. Angiography is the gold standard of diagnostic imaging in order to confirm the communication, as well as describe the location and flow of the fistula.

	=== Differential Diagnosis ===		=== Differential Diagnosis ===

Jack.Dewey at 17:59, 21 November 2025

2025-11-21T17:59:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:59, 21 November 2025
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	=== Disease Etiology ===		=== Disease Etiology ===
	~~=== Genetics ===~~
	~~=== Histology ===~~

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==

Jack.Dewey: /* Relevant Anatomy */

2025-11-21T12:18:44Z

Relevant Anatomy

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:18, 21 November 2025
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	Gray571.png\|Contents of the cavernous sinus		Gray571.png\|Contents of the cavernous sinus
	Anatomy of the cavernous sinus.jpg\|Bilateral cavernous sinus contents with communication through the circular venous plexus		Anatomy of the cavernous sinus.jpg\|Bilateral cavernous sinus contents with communication through the circular venous plexus
			Sobo 1909 589.png\|Lateral view of the cavernous sinus in the skull base
			Cavernous sinus.png\|Axial view of the cavernous sinus
	</gallery>		</gallery>

Jack.Dewey: /* Relevant Anatomy */

2025-11-21T12:11:48Z

Relevant Anatomy

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:11, 21 November 2025
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	== Pathophysiology ==		== Pathophysiology ==
	=== Relevant Anatomy ===		=== Relevant Anatomy ===
			<gallery>
			Gray571.png\|Contents of the cavernous sinus
			Anatomy of the cavernous sinus.jpg\|Bilateral cavernous sinus contents with communication through the circular venous plexus
			</gallery>

	=== Disease Etiology ===		=== Disease Etiology ===
	=== Genetics ===		=== Genetics ===

Jack.Dewey: Created page with "{{infobox Disease |Title = |Aliases = Caroticocavernous Fistula |Image = [Type D caroticocavernous fistula from left internal and external carotid arteries.png] |Caption = A Barrow Type D carotid-cavernous fistula on CT angiography |ICD-9 = 437.3 |ICD-10 = I67.1 |MeSH = |Gene = |Locus = |OMIM = |EyeWiki = [https://eyewiki.org/Car..."

2025-11-17T03:26:12Z

Created page with "{{infobox Disease |Title = |Aliases = Caroticocavernous Fistula |Image = [Type D caroticocavernous fistula from left internal and external carotid arteries.png] |Caption = A Barrow Type D carotid-cavernous fistula on CT angiography |ICD-9 = 437.3 |ICD-10 = I67.1 |MeSH = |Gene = |Locus = |OMIM = |EyeWiki = [https://eyewiki.org/Car..."

New page

{{infobox Disease
|Title =
|Aliases = Caroticocavernous Fistula
|Image = [Type D caroticocavernous fistula from left internal and external carotid arteries.png]
|Caption = A Barrow Type D carotid-cavernous fistula on CT angiography
|ICD-9 = 437.3
|ICD-10 = I67.1
|MeSH =
|Gene =
|Locus =
|OMIM =
|EyeWiki = [https://eyewiki.org/Carotid_Cavernous_Fistula Carotid Cavernous Fistula]
|Radiopaedia = [https://radiopaedia.org/articles/caroticocavernous-fistula-1?lang=us Carotiocavernous Fistula]
|Pathology =
}}

== Overview ==
'''Carotid-cavernous fistula''', or '''caroticocavernous fistula''', is an acquired communication between the carotid artery system and the cavernous sinus.

== Pathophysiology ==
=== Relevant Anatomy ===
=== Disease Etiology ===
=== Genetics ===
=== Histology ===

== Diagnosis ==
=== Patient History ===
=== Physical Examination ===
=== Laboratory Tests ===
=== Imaging ===
=== Differential Diagnosis ===

== Management ==
=== Medical Management ===
=== Surgical Management ===

== Outcomes ==
=== Complications ===
=== Prognosis ===

== References ==
<references />