Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis

Overview

History

Pathophysiology

Relevant Anatomy

Disease Etiology

There are many different fungal species that can be invasive, but the most common are the Zygomycetes (Muror, Rhizopus, and Rhizomucor) and Aspergillus species.

Histology

Histologic evaluation is necessary to determine the species of invasion, which can influence treatment decisions with respect to antifungal coverage. Mucor and Rhizopus are both characterized by non-septate fungal hyphae with 90-degree angle branching. Aspergillus also has non-septate hyphae, but typically has 45-degree angle branching.

Mucormycosis
Mucormycosis
Mucormycosis with intravascular invasion
Aspergillosis with intravascular invasion
Aspergillosis with intravascular invasion, GMS stain

Diagnosis

Patient History

Physical Examination

Laboratory Tests

Imaging

Differential Diagnosis

Management

Medical Management

Surgical Management

Outcomes

Complications

Prognosis

References